What is a lipoma ?

A lipoma is a benign (non-cancerous) lump made up of fat cells. They are very common and can occur in anyone. Some people develop a single lipoma, while others may have several.

Lipomas usually feel like soft or rubbery lumps beneath the skin and tend to grow slowly over many years. Their consistency can vary depending on where they occur. For example, lipomas on the forehead often feel quite firm because they lie beneath a thick layer of tissue and muscle, making them feel almost like bone.

Do lipomas need to be removed?

Because lipomas are benign, they do not usually require treatment. Many people choose to leave them alone if they are small and not causing any symptoms.

Removal may be considered if the lipoma:

• Causes pain or tenderness.

• Presses on a nerve or interferes with normal movement or daily activities.

• Is painful even at rest (which can occur in conditions such as Dercum disease).

• Is cosmetically bothersome.

When should a lipoma be investigated further?

Occasionally, a lump that appears to be a lipoma has features that warrant further assessment. These include:

• Rapid growth.

• A size greater than 5 cm.

• A lump that feels fixed to the underlying muscle or deeper tissues.

• Significant or increasing pain.

• Uncertainty about the diagnosis.

In these situations, an ultrasound scan is often the first investigation. It helps confirm whether the lump is a typical lipoma or whether another diagnosis should be considered.

If there is any doubt about the diagnosis, assessment by a surgeon is recommended before deciding on treatment.